2 Toning Black-and-White Materials • G-23
Tones Produced by Paper/Toner Combinations
Note: To produce the tones listed in the table, the papers were developed in KODAK PROFESSIONAL DEKTOL Developer (1:2)
at 20°C (68°F).
Tone KODAK Toner Dilution
Reddish Brown Brown Dilute according to the package instructions.
Chocolate-Brown Brown Dilute according to the package instructions.
Warm Brown
Sepia II Warm Dilute according to the package instructions.
Sepia (full)
Cool Brown Sepia Dilute according to the package instructions.
No Tone Shift Rapid Selenium 1:20
ADJUSTING PRINT EXPOSURE AND
DEVELOPMENT
Some toners will have an effect on print density and contrast.
If you know you will treat your prints with a toner before you
expose and process them, you can plan ahead to allow for
changes.
• KODAK PROFESSIONAL Sepia Toner, KODAK
PROFESSIONAL Sepia II Warm Toner, and KODAK
PROFESSIONAL Brown Toner will reduce print
densities. Develop prints fully, and make them slightly
darker than normal.
• KODAK PROFESSIONAL Rapid Selenium Toner
tends to intensify the image. You may want to shorten
print development time slightly. However, toning a fully
developed print with this toner yields an increased tonal
scale.
Note: Exposure and development modifications also depend
on the paper emulsion type and grade.
GUIDELINES FOR PRINT PROCESSING
Toning cannot disguise poor print quality. Use a properly
exposed and processed print made from a high-quality
negative. A good candidate for print toning should have a
full tonal scale with good detail in the highlights and
shadows.
To obtain consistent results with toners, follow processing
instructions exactly, use fresh processing solutions, and
establish a consistent technique. Use standard materials and
methods to control the factors that can cause toning
variations.
Development
To obtain uniform image color, use the development
temperature and time recommended in the paper instructions
(unless you adjust the time for a specific toner as described
under Adjusting Print Exposure and Development). Avoid
contaminating the developer with other solutions; don’t
exceed the capacity of your developer. Developer
contamination or exhaustion can cause image-color
variations.
Stop Bath
Bathe the prints in the stop bath according to the
recommendations in the paper instructions.
Do not use an exhausted or overconcentrated stop bath.
Replace your stop bath frequently, or use a stop bath such as
KODAK PROFESSIONAL Indicator Stop Bath, which
signals when to change the bath.
If you leave stop bath in a tray for more than three days or
in a tank for more than one month, evaporation may cause
overconcentration. An overconcentrated stop bath can cause
mottle in the base of a toned print.
Insufficient agitation of prints, especially during the first
few seconds in the stop bath, can also cause mottle. The
mottle won’t be evident until you tone the print with a
selenium or sulfide toner.
Fixing
Improper fixing is probably the major cause of stains in
toned prints. Use two-bath fixing for best results.
Note: We do not recommend using a hardening fixer for
prints that you intend to tone, because it will make the paper
emulsion less receptive to the toner solution. Use a
non-hardening fixer, such as KODAK PROFESSIONAL
Rapid Fixer Part A only. With some toners, use of a liquid
hardener, such as KODAK Liquid Hardener (CAT 146
4239), is required after toning. (See the instructions for
specific toners under Using KODAK Packaged Toners and
Using Mixed Toners.)
Do not exceed the capacity of your fixer. An exhausted
fixing bath contains insoluble silver compounds that will
remain in prints; you can’t remove them completely by
washing. When these residual silver compounds come into
contact with a toner, they form a dark yellow stain that is
especially noticeable in print borders and highlights.
Proper agitation in the fixer is important. Stains
commonly occur when prints stick together or float on the
surface of the fixer. For example, air bubbles trapped
between or under prints during fixing can later produce
round purple stains in prints toned with selenium or sulfide
toners.
