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OVERVIEW OF TEXTILES
2-29
surface that possesses curvature about more than one axis (requiring a nondevelopable
transformation of shape).
(a)
0
10
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40 50
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Inner Yarn Inclined Angle,
γ
Yarn Volume Fraction
(b)
0
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30
40
50
0
0.1
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0.7
Yarn Volume Fraction
Normalized Cycle Length, hd
Figure 2-19. (a) Yarn volume fraction versus (a) inner yarn angle of inclination and
(b) normalized cycle length for 1x1, 4-step braid.
0
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500
0
1
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m/n =1
m/n = 4
m/n = 10
Total Number of Yarns (N)
Ratio of Outer to Inner Yarns
Figure 2-20. Ratio of outer (surface) yarns to inner yarns.